RESUMO
Objetivo. Determinar el papel de la resonancia magnética (RM) cerebral en fetos que presentan ventriculomegalia aislada (VMA) en la evaluación ecográfica del cerebro fetal. Métodos. Se evaluaron retrospectivamente los hallazgos por ecografía y RM de 197 fetos diagnosticados con VMA entre noviembre de 2018 y noviembre de 2020. Se excluyeron los fetos con cariotipos anormales, anomalías adicionales o etiologías relacionadas a ventriculomegalia. Se comparó los resultados de ecografía y RM tanto en términos de medidas ventriculares medias como de grado de VMA. Resultados. Las mediciones de la RM fueron significativamente mayores en la VMA leve (10,33±0,38 mm frente a 11,11±0,51 mm, p<0,001) en comparación con la ecografía. En la VMA leve, la RM midió los ventrículos más anchos que la ecografía, con una diferencia media de 0,78 mm. No hubo diferencias significativas en las mediciones por ecografía y RM en cuanto a los valores medios de la VMA moderada y grave. Hubo buena concordancia entre la ecografía y la RM en la detección de la gravedad de la VMA derecha, izquierda y la media (Κ=0,265, Κ=0,324 y Κ=0,261, respectivamente). Los análisis de regresión lineal revelaron una relación estadísticamente significativa entre las mediciones de ecografía y RM de la VMA derecha, izquierda y la media (p<0,001, p<0,001 y p<0,001, respectivamente). La RM mostró una concordancia perfecta con la ecografía en detectar la lateralidad de la VMA (Κ=1,0, p<0,001). Conclusiones. En fetos con VMA leve detectada por ecografía se debe considerar la evaluación por RM del cerebro fetal para un diagnóstico preciso. Este enfoque puede proporcionar una estrategia eficaz en el manejo prenatal y el asesoramiento de estos embarazos.
Objective: To assess the role of brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in fetuses presenting with isolated ventriculomegaly (IVM) in the ultrasound (US) evaluation of the fetal brain. Methods: US and MRI findings of 197 fetuses diagnosed with IVM between November 2018 and November 2020 were retrospectively evaluated. Fetuses with abnormal karyotypes, additional anomalies, or known etiologies for ventriculomegaly were excluded. US and MRI findings were compared both in terms of mean ventricular measurements and IVM grade. Results: MRI measurements were significantly higher in mild IMV (10.33 ± 0.38 mm vs. 11.11 ± 0.51 mm, p< 0.001) compared to US. In mild IVM, MRI measured ventricles larger than US with a mean difference of 0.78 mm. There was no significant difference in US and MRI measurements in terms of mean values in moderate and severe IVM. There was good agreement between US and MRI in detecting right, left and mean IVM severity (Κ=0.265, Κ=0.324, and Κ=0.261, respectively). Linear regression analyses revealed a statistically significant relationship between US and MRI measurements of the right, left, and mean IVM (p<0.001, p<0.001, and p<0.001, respectively). MRI showed perfect agreement with US in detecting IVM laterality (Κ=1.0, p<0.001). Conclusions: In fetuses with mild IVM detected by US, fetal brain MRI evaluation should be considered for accurate diagnosis. This approach may provide effective strategies in the antenatal management and counseling of these pregnancies.
RESUMO
SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to investigate the breast densities and Breast Imaging-Reporting and Data System scores of patients with polycystic ovary syndrome and normoovulatory women and to determine whether these patients constitute a high-risk population for breast cancer. METHODS: This retrospective case-control study was conducted at our institution between January 2022 and December 2022, involving patients diagnosed with polycystic ovary syndrome. Menstrual periods, hyperandrogenemic findings, and ultrasound reports of the patients were retrieved from our hospital's database. Patients who met at least two of the Rotterdam criteria were included in the polycystic ovary syndrome group. A total of 70 premenopausal patients over the age of 40 years, diagnosed with polycystic ovary syndrome, and 70 normoovulatory women, matched for age and body mass index, were included in the study. The two groups were compared regarding age at menarche, menstrual pattern, gravida, parity, levels of follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, and estradiol, endometrial thickness, breast density category, and Breast Imaging-Reporting and Data System classifications. RESULTS: Patients in the polycystic ovary syndrome group had a higher age at menarche (12.7 vs. 12.3, p=0.006). There was no difference between the gonadotropin levels in both groups. However, the estradiol level was higher in the polycystic ovary syndrome group (p<0.001). There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of breast density and Breast Imaging-Reporting and Data System scores (p=0.319 and p=0.650, respectively). CONCLUSION: Although we can conclude that the risk of breast malignancy is not increased in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome, the impact of the complex hormonal status of polycystic ovary syndrome on breast cancer remains unclear in the literature.